"The fascist movement to be understood must be considered in all its breadth and depth of spiritual phenomenon. His events were the most powerful and the most decisive, but do not stop them. Italian fascism was in fact not only a political revolt against governments they had left weak and unable to invalidate the authority of the state, ... but it was a spiritual revolt against the old ideologies ... directed spiritual, then, fascism was expressed directly by people "
Mussolini, a message to the British public, January 5, 1924 THE SCHOOL OF MYSTIC
FASCIST
The Early Days April 1930 Nicholas Giani based in Milan, with a group of mostly young university students, the School of Fascist Mysticism, "The great mass of our colleagues - wrote Giani - our revolution was seen especially in its concrete achievements, the side deeply spiritual fascism of the escape of almost everything. Faced with this embodiment of our revolution, we react (1).
School (which was named after Mussolini's son Sandro Italico Arnaldo Mussolini died prematurely) aimed to "spread through conferences and publications, the guiding principles of the Fascist Mysticism and their practical implementation "(2)." Do not look elsewhere - Giani wrote that he conducted the School until 1941 - look to fascism, learn to know and love, study it and become your idea. Nor for you will never be a chain but a bond of love towards creating greater humanity. It will be for you and for all the dawn of a new day "(3).
The youth activities mystics focused on public meetings free to all" because - as claimed - Fascism is apostolate to which all must be able to approach with a sincere heart to feel the beauty and be taken of the height of the mission which Providence has entrusted to the Duce "(4). inspirer of the youth group of mysticism was Arnaldo Mussolini (5) that the speech Consciousness and duty, pronounced 's inauguration of activity' of the third year of the School, gave the "mystical" what they consider their ethical-political manifesto, "the spirit that motivates you - he said Arnaldo Mussolini - is in right relationship the passage of time that dams do not know, nor has the critical limits, is a reference to a mystical tradition that lives transformed and re-created perfect in your program of young fascists renovators. [...] The problem of young people is a problem for us formation of strong character and we welcome you young indissoluble unity of these two terms: conscience and duty. [...] Tomorrow should be better than today '. You, in a word, you have to be better than us. I do not mind when I see you in the courts demanding uncompromising things and people. [...] The questions of style, even the smallest detail should have singular importance for you is essential. Every young fascist must feel the pride of his youth, combined with the sense of its limits [...] any lack of style, will always be outside the spirit out of the costume and a fascist. The miseries are not worthy of the twentieth century. Are not worthy of Fascism. Are not worthy of you "(6).
The cult of the Duce, as the founder and greatest interpreter of fascism and its historic mission, was placed at the heart of the School of Fascist Mysticism." All true world revolution - Giani wrote - has its own mystique, which is his holy ark, that is, that complex of ideas-forces that are designed to spread and act on the subconscious of men. The school was founded precisely to single out and the action by the thought of these ideas Duce-force. The source, the only, the only source of mysticism is, in fact Mussolini, Mussolini only. Perhaps by ignoring or not knowing in depth the thinking of the Mussolini fascists can claim to be? We say no. That fascism is not instinct but so is education and knowledge of his mystique, which is knowledge of Mussolini "(7). In the study of Mussolini true" gospel of fascism, "the youth of mysticism find all the answers," only His word can give the exact and perfect answer to our doubts, can allay our anxieties, we can scatter the mists. That's why his speeches and his acts should be our daily food for the journey, our breviary daily, prompt response to all our secret pain. That's why we need young people to study it more closely and with love, to know without gaps, develop it without stopping. [...] Doubts and pessimism, uncertainty and indecision disappeared when we opened the right page and we read the precise thought of the head. This joy and good fortune must be in all: we want this and we must get to 'organic presentation of all his thought and all His Action "(.
faith was considered by the" mystical "one of the core values \u200b\u200bof political militancy, Giani" was above all a faithful and uncompromising. Some might call him a fanatic [...]. Her spirit rebelled to any form of compromise on the ground of faith did not allow bargaining, the beautiful, the good, the truth is on one side of the fence, the other side is bad, evil, meanness "(9). young people of the mystical feel that they belong to a religious order, the delivery date to the School Mussolini had in fact told them: "The mystique is more of a party order. those who participate must have great faith. Fascism must have missionaries, that is, men who know how to convince the uncompromising faith. It is faith that moves - literally - in the mountains. This may be your key word 'order' (10).
were the frequent reminders from the school need to counter all forms of the bourgeois spirit: "arise - Giani wrote - with all our strength against those who want to nail by reducing it to the Revolution vigilant and disciplined guardian of their small or large but still miserable fortune, forgetting that it is fascism and we do not need it [...]. Index the fearful, trailers, all those who have seen the revolution and continue to see Only the officer must ensure that their modest home tranquility "(11).
Daniele Marchesini second was" an intolerant attitude of all that was not fanatically Orthodox and objected to the creation of a fascist revolution. [...] Controversy was conducted with sincerity, honesty and good faith against the 'career' and the 'sharks', against a summit in sclerotic bureaucratic mentality of short sleeves "(12). The young men of the mystic had to form new The Italians of Mussolini, "only when a value - Giani wrote - or a principle natural to the point where it becomes an essential condition, that style, it has been historically active. And the style, the style is the only detector of the completion of the new men and style really stands out fascist "(13). The mystic must not represent a" concept of culture ", but a fascist way of life," refuses to give culture, nor doctrinaire, but it is and wants to remain master of life: that everything comes back to the men, said Mussolini "(14).
" We are the mystics - Giani said the national conference organized by the school in 1940 on ' Because we are the mystics' - because we are the angry, that is, biased, so to speak, of Fascism, partisans men par excellence, and then for the classic bourgeois also absurd [...] the rest of the impossible do not believe in the absurd and only mediocre minds. But when there is faith and the will, nothing is absurd. [...] The story is and always will be an absurdity: the absurdity of the spirit and the will to win and turn the matter: that is the mystique. Fascism same Spirit, equal in Mystic, equal to Fighting, equal to Victoria, because you can not believe if you are not mystics, we can not fight if you do not believe, march and you can not win if you do not fight "(15) .
The war that broke out was for the young people of school on test of their preparedness, "a revolution - had written F. Mezzasoma Deputy Director of the School - is to endure and perpetuated over the centuries need to test fire of the war 's idea from which it is incurred and for which they fight "(16). In the spring of 1943 will be 16 the fallen (five gold medals) of the School.
Nicholas Giani fell in Albania March 14, 1941. At his memory was awarded the Gold Medal for Military Valour for the following reasons: "Voluntarily, as he had done before, took command of a bold strong patrol, which had been entrusted the task of a risky undertaking. Faced by superior forces, with great daring assault on the grenades, captured by an officer. Surrounded, had calmly and superb resistance to the decision of men. Left no ammunition, they threw the head of a few survivors, with the bayonet, to be released. While standing threw the last grenade and urged the daring with his heroic example, shouting: 'Get Bolzano, Italy alive', was mortally wounded. A magnificent example of devotion to duty, and patriotism of the highest order "(17). His death was consistent with an ideal of life as sacrifice and heroism, was the teaching of Arnold who was returning" Be enthusiastic, young, full the spirit of joy, happy to fight and to die happy, for giving the world around us shape our dreams and our ideals "(18).
DECALOGUE of mysticism FASCIST There are no privileges, except to do to early fatigue and duty.
accept full responsibility, include all forms of heroism, to feel as young Italian Fascists and the poetry of masculine adventure and danger.
be intransigent, Dominicans. Without the proper place of duty and work, whatever it is. Equally capable of commanding and obeying.
We have a witness from whom no secret can ever deliver us: The testimony of our conscience. It must be as severe, the most relentless of our judges.
have faith, believe firmly in the virtue of duty performed, deny skepticism, will the good and work in silence.
not forget that wealth is only half, you need to, but not alone sufficient to create a true civilization, if not stating those high ideals that have profound essence and reason of human life.
not indulge in bad costumes for small transactions and struggles to get greedy. Regarded as soldiers prepared an appeal, but in no case careerists and vain.
Approaching the humble intellect with love, continues to work to bring it to an ever higher moral vision of life. But to achieve this we need to set an example of probity.
act on themselves, on their mind before preaching to others. The works and deeds are the most eloquent speeches.
indignation the mediocre affairs, never fall into vulgarity, firmly believe in doing good. See the truth and close confidant as the generous kindness. NOTE:
(1) Paper and musket, March 20, 1930.
(2) D. Marchesini, The School of the hierarchs, Feltrinelli, Milano 1976.
(3) N. Giani, Have courage, Fascist Doctrine, September 1937.
(4) ACS, AnsMode part. Duce, correspondence ord. N. Giani, 509017, fasc. SMF, a program of the School 's year XI.
(5) See M. Ingrassia, the idea of \u200b\u200bFascism in Arnaldo Mussolini, ISSPE, Palermo 1998.
(6) A. Mussolini, Conscience and duty, in The People 's Italy, December 1, 1931.
(7) Generations of Mussolini on the floor of the 'empire, taken from Time magazine Mussolini, No 2 1937.
(idem.
(9) F. Mezzasoma, Nicholas Giani disciple of Arnold, in fascist doctrine, in July 1941.
(10) D. Marchesini, The School of the hierarchs, cit.
(11) N. Giani, Have courage, cit.
(12) D. Marchesini, one episode of cultural policy of the regime: the School of Fascist Mysticism, in Journal of Contemporary History, 1 1974.
(13) N. Giani, Mysticism as a doctrine of fascism, in fascist doctrine, in April 1938.
(14) Idem.
(15) N. Giani, because we are the mystics, in the fascist doctrine, January-March 1940.
(16) F. Mezzasoma, A citizen of the new Italy in the fascist doctrine, February-March 1942.
(17) ACS, AnsMode part. Duce, correspondence ord., N. Giani, busta 985, fasc. 509017 / 2, political secretary of the PNF.
(18) A. Mussolini - F. Belfiori - L. Gagliardi, Arnaldo: Revolution restorer, Seventh Seal, Rome 1985.